How do purification air conditioning treatment units achieve superior purification efficiency in complex polluted environments?
Publish Time: 2025-11-20
In places with stringent air cleanliness requirements, such as medical facilities, electronics manufacturing, biological laboratories, and high-end industries, purification air conditioning treatment units are not only devices for regulating temperature and humidity, but also crucial barriers protecting the process environment and personnel health. Faced with complex environments containing multiple pollutants such as dust, microorganisms, volatile organic compounds, and acid/alkali aerosols, traditional filtration methods are insufficient. Modern purification air conditioning systems, through multi-stage synergistic purification strategies, intelligent control logic, and advanced material technologies, can still achieve excellent air purification efficiency without relying on HEPA/ULPA high-efficiency filters.
1. Refined Staged Interception of Pre- and Medium-Efficiency Filters
The first line of defense in a purification air conditioning treatment unit is physical interception. The system is typically equipped with multi-stage fiber filters, including a G4-level pre-filter to intercept large particles of hair and lint, and F7–F9-level medium-efficiency filters to capture 1–5 micron-sized dust and some microorganisms. By optimizing the filter media's basis weight, fiber diameter, and pleat density, dust holding capacity and retention efficiency can be improved with lower air resistance. Some high-end units employ a gradient filtration structure—a loose layer at the front captures large particles, while a dense layer at the back intercepts fine particles, extending the overall lifespan and reducing the load on subsequent deep purification.
2. Synergistic Removal of Gaseous Pollutants through Chemical Adsorption and Catalytic Decomposition
For gaseous pollutants such as formaldehyde, benzene compounds, ozone, and hydrogen sulfide, the purification air conditioning treatment unit integrates modified activated carbon, molecular sieves, or composite adsorbent modules. These materials efficiently capture and lock VOC molecules through a dual mechanism of physical adsorption and chemical bonding. Furthermore, photocatalytic oxidation or low-temperature plasma technology is introduced, decomposing the adsorbed organic matter into carbon dioxide and water under ultraviolet light or high-energy electron action, avoiding secondary desorption pollution. For example, TiO₂-based photocatalysts can continuously degrade low concentrations of harmful gases under visible light excitation, achieving a cyclical purification process of "adsorption-decomposition-regeneration."
3. Active Purification Through Electrostatic Precipitation and Ion Cluster Technology
To compensate for the limitations of fiber filtration in handling submicron particles, some systems employ bipolar electrostatic precipitators. When air flows through a high-voltage ionization zone, particles become charged and are subsequently adsorbed by a collection plate with the opposite charge. This technology achieves a high removal rate for particles of 0.1–1 micrometers, with a pressure drop far lower than high-density filters. Simultaneously, the release of appropriate amounts of positive and negative oxygen ion clusters allows suspended particles to coalesce into larger particles, facilitating sedimentation or capture, and disrupts bacterial cell membrane structures, achieving an antibacterial effect. This combination of "passive interception + active purification" significantly improves overall cleaning efficiency.
4. Optimized Operation Through Intelligent Sensing and Dynamic Control
Modern air-conditioning systems are equipped with multi-parameter sensors for PM2.5, TVOC, CO₂, and temperature and humidity, monitoring indoor and outdoor pollution levels in real time. The control system dynamically adjusts fan speed, fresh air return ratio, and purification module activation/deactivation based on feedback data. For example, when a sudden increase in VOC concentration is detected, the power of the photocatalytic module is automatically increased; during periods of low occupancy, the system switches to an energy-saving low-airflow mode. This on-demand response mechanism not only ensures purification effectiveness but also significantly reduces energy consumption, achieving a balance between efficiency and sustainability.
5. Airflow Organization and Positive Pressure Control Construct a Spatial Protective Barrier
Superior purification relies not only on the equipment itself but also on scientific airflow design. Purification air conditioning systems utilize top-supply, bottom-return, or unidirectional flow layouts to create orderly airflow paths, preventing eddies that can trap pollutants. Simultaneously, maintaining a 5–15 Pa positive pressure difference between the indoor space and external corridors or ordinary areas effectively prevents unfiltered air from seeping in through gaps such as door seams and cable holes, constructing an "inside-out" pollution barrier system from a spatial perspective.
Faced with increasingly complex air pollution challenges, purification air conditioning treatment units have evolved from single filtration devices into comprehensive purification systems integrating physical interception, chemical decomposition, electric field purification, intelligent control, and airflow management. Through the organic integration and precise synergy of multiple technological pathways, even without relying on traditional high-efficiency filters, they can continuously output a high-cleanliness, high-safety air environment in critical scenarios such as semiconductor workshops, sterile wards, or precision laboratories, safeguarding high-end manufacturing and public health.
